World Civilizations I
Terms
· Theory of Four Intellectual Revolutions, c. 800-300:
· Native American Civilizations:
· Subsharan Civilizations to c. 1000:
· Other Eastern Mediterranean Cultures:
· Greek Philosophy: Early Materialist Thought:
· Pythagoras & the Pythagoreans:
· Hellenic (Greek) Philosophy:
· Hellenic & Hellenistic Art & Architecture:
· Chinese Civilization through the T'ang, c. 907:
· Persia:
· Rome From the Gracchi to Caesar:
· Roman Philosophies & Religions:
· Roman & Early Byzantine Art & Architecture:
· Decline of Rome in the West:
· Feudalism in Western Europe:
· Development of the Latin Church:
· Byzantine & Romanesque Art & Architecture:
· Uniqueness of Medieval Western Europe:
The Traditional World:
The great traditions:
large-scale, enduring civilizations of ancient origin
the dry-belt arc
the mountain barrier of Eurasia
Pastoral nomads
the naturally fecund river valleys: the great cultivable river basins
located in temperate or subtropical climates that readily supported intensive
cultivation of grains and, thus, state consolidation based on peasant-farming
producers: the Upper, Middle & Lower Rhine, Po, Seine, and Thames basins,
in Europe; the Hindus, Ganges, Yellow, Yangtze, and West in Asia; the Niger &
Senegal basins in Sub-Saharan Africa.
the great hydraulic oases:Nile,
geographical terms: steppe, savanna, forest, temperate, tropical,
subtropical, arid, and oasis.
scarcities: prolonged periods of lack of food on a regional basis, caused by
bad weather, natural disasters, or wars, which plagued humankind until organizational
and technical means were found to overcome them.
the silk road
modes of production
kinship mode of production
capitalist mode of production:
tributary mode of production
market exchange system
peasantry: peasants are by definition farmers who produce a surplus for sale at
local marketplaces; peasantry were a basis of cilization.
feudalism:a system based on a personal,
military contract or labor agreement: the opposite of a bureaucratic system
imperial monarchy
traditionalism: (Redfield's definition) small, isolated, non-literate,
homogeneous, group solidarity, little technology, simple division of labor, no
concept of gain, & folk behavior
folk behavior:strongly
patterned, spontaneous, uncritical & personal behavior, characteristic of
traditional societies
Early Cultures:
Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age)
Neolithic (New Stone Age)
Neolithic Revolution
Bronze Age
Culture
Civilization
Towns (or cities)
Writing
The three distinct achievement comprising writing
Complex divisions of labor
Iron Age (c. 1475 B.C. with Hittites)
Surplus production
Naturally fecund River Valleys v. Hydraulic Oases:
Indus, Yellow, Yangtze, Niger, Senegal River Valleys versus
Nile, Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys
Theory of Four Intellectual Revolutions, c.800-300:
these terms concern the important thesis of the textbook concerning the origins of the great civilizations studied in this course: this material is found in chapter two.The Four intellectual
revolutions, c. 800-300
Two enduring religions and two enduring philosophies (traditions)
The Western tradition
The Islamic tradition
Early Indus
Civilization:
We will deal with these
later under the heading of Indian Civilization, but they are treated in Chapter
1..
Vedic Aryans
Indus Script
Early Chinese Civilization:
We will deal with these
later under the heading of Chinese Civilization, but they are treated in
Chapter 1..
Yellow R.
Yangtze R.
Millet
Shang Dynasty
Chou Dynasty
Subsaharan Africa to c. 1000:
Western &
Wet Holocene period
Great Desiccation
Jenne
The Noks
Niger-Kongo
languages
Takrur
Gao
Takrur
Native American Civilizations:
Olmecs
Mesoamerica
Chavin culture
Andean
Mesopotamian Civilization:
Sumerians
Akkadians
Sargon of
Babylonians
Hammurabi
Hittites
Assyrians
Chaldeans (New Babylonians)
Nebuchadnezzar
Persians
Cyrus
Cuneiform
Egyptian Civilization:
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
Empire Age (
Ra
Osiris
Thutmose III
Amenhotep IV
Monotheism
Hieroglyphics
Other Eastern
Mediterranean Cultures:
Aegean
Crete
Minoan
Minos
Phonecians
Tyre
Myceneans
Hebrews
Moses
David
Solomon
Israel
Nebuchadnezzar
Jaweh
Monotheism
Hebrew Bible
Bibloi
Torah
Talmud
Ten Commandments
Moses
Abraham
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Hellenic (Greek) Philosophy:
Materialistic Philosophy:
Materialism
Thales of
Hippocrates of Cos (c.460-545)
Ionian philosophers
(Ancient) Monism
Milesian philosophers
Anaximander (c. 611-541)
Anaximenes (fl. 546)
Apeiron & peras
Heraclitus of
logos
Empedocles of Acragas (f. 450)
Zeno of Elea (mid fifth century)
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (500-428)
Parmenides of Elea (ea. fifth century)
Melissus of Samos (mid fifth century)
Leucippus of
Empedocles of Acragas (fl. 450)
Democritus of Abdera (c460-370)
Atomism
Sophist Philosophy:
The sophistsProtagoras of Abdera (c. 490-420)
Critias (c. 460-403)
Idealist Philosophy:
Pythagoras & the Pythaoreans:
Pythagoras of
Croton
First Principles
Apeiron & peras
Harmonia
Microcosm
The One
The Music of the Spheres
The Tetraktys
The concept of the Golden Age
Hellenic Greece
Hellenes
Thetes
Polis (poleis)
Hoplites
Helots
Solon (ruled 594-593)
Pisistratus (605-527)
Clisthenes ( ruled
510-500)
Pericles (ruled 461-430)
Persian War
Darius of
Xerxes of
First & Second Peloponnesian Wars
Philip II of Macedon (395-336)
Alexander the Great (ruled 336-323)
Roxana of
Seleucus
I, Ptolemy I, & Antigonus I
The successor states
Hellenic Philosophy:
Sophists
Socrates of
Plato of
Cynics
Diogenes of Sinope
(400-325)
Kosmopolites
Episteme or science according to
Plato
Forms (universals)
The Republic
Plato's political ethics
The Academy
Aristotle of
Peripatetics
(capitalized and uncapitalized)
Forms (in Aristotle)
Doctrine of Causes
Material cause
Efficient cause
Formal cause
Final cause
Entelechy
Golden Mean
The end of the state
Hellenistic Culture:
Hellenistic Age
The successor states (Seleucid Empire
["
Individualism
Realism
Empiricism
Archimedes of
Hipparchus of Nicea (b. ca. 190 B.C.)
Eratosthenes of
Aristarchus of
Ptolemy of
Stoicism:
Antisthenes (ca. 455-360)
Zeno of Citium
(335-263)
Natural law
Stoa
poikele
Pneuma
Marcus Tullius
Cicero (106-43)
The 'spark'
Brotherhood or sisterhood of humankind
Pantheism
"Doing one's duty"
"Accepting what happens"
Epicureanism:
Epicurus of
"The Garden"
Aristippus
(446-366)
The 'good life'
'Freedom from fear'
The 'gods' (according to Epicurus)
Atomism
Materialism
Necessity & chance
Academic Skepticism:
Arcesilaus
of Pitane (315-241)
Carneades
(213-129)
Marcus Tullius
Cicero (106-43)
Diogenes Laertes
(c. 200 A.D.)
Augustine of Hippo (354-430)
The Academy from 273 to the mid first
century
Verification theory
Pyrrhonism:
Pyrrho
of
Timon
of Phlius
The Silloi
Aenesidemus
(100-40)
Tropes
"Suspending judgement"
Methodic
Sextus Empiricus (a. third century A.D.)
Outlines of Skepticism
Lucian of Samosata
(125-192)
Hellenic & Hellenistic Art:
Hellenic art-trait style
Acropolis of
The Parthenon
Entaces
Venus (Aphrodite) of
Wounded Amazon by Polykleitos (mid fifth century)
Wounded Amazon by Phydias mid fifth century
Symmetry
Hellenistic art-trait style
Acropolis of
The geometrical city
Dying
Gaul & Wife (c. 225)
Laocoön
& Sons (ca. 50)
Slave Sharpening a Knife (third
century)
Portrait Head (third century)
Old Market Woman (third century)
Caesar (first century)
Attalus I (or II) (third to second century)
Chinese Civilization through the T'ang, c. 907:
Hsia Dynasty (2200-1700)
Shang Dynasty (1700-1050)
Chou Dynasty (1050-221)
Wars & Warring States Period (c.401
- 256)
Ch'in Dynasty (221-206)
Han Dynasty (206 B.C. - 220 A.D.)
Period of Disorder (220-618)
T'ang Dynasty
(618-907)
Yellow R.
Wei R.
Through the Ch'in and Han Dynasties:
K'ung
Fu-ztu = Confucius (c. 551-479)
Ch'in Emperor (221-207)
Han-fei-tzu
(d.233)
Li Ssu (d.
208)
Legalism
Lao Tsu
Taoism
Society & Politics: