Questions on Stephens’ Italian Renaissance[1]

 

Develop answers to these questions using Stephens’ book.  That is, answer each one, “according to Stephens.”

 

1)  What was Renaissance humanism and how did the humanists distinguish themselves from  the scholastics.

 

2) Who were the Italian Neo-Platonists, how did they differ from the earlier humanists, and most important, how do they relate to the Reformation movements of the sixteenth century?

 

3)  According to Stephens, the humanists unleashed four dynamic ideas on Western Europe.  What were those ideas, how did they involve the Classics, and how did they relate to the Reformation movements?

 

4)  How, according to Stephens, did the Italian humanists undermine the Latin Church and prepare the way for Martin Luther (i.e., the rise of Protestantism)?

 

5) How do the works and lives of John Colet, Lefèvre d'Étaples, Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros, Desiderius Erasmus,  Rudolf Agricola, Conrad Celtes, and Johannes Reuchlin exemplify Renaissance Humanism? 

 

6) Define and characterize Renaissance humanism, commenting on their assumptions, ambitions, and how they sought to achieve their goals.

 



[1] From StQus 1999 for HY 314.