1) Compare and contrast the socioeconomic and political situations of England and France during the seventeenth century, explaining how constitutionalism rose in the one and absolutism in the other.

2) Defining the term, explain how constitutional government was achieved in England by the end of Queen Anneís reign.

3) Why didn't the Stuarts get along with the Parliament and the JPs until 1689?

4) Compare and contrast the governments of France and England in the 1680s and 1690s.

5) Compare and contrast the economic and colonial policies of England and France during the seventeenth century. Why did England outdo France by 1750?

6) How did G. Galilei, J. Kepler, R. Descartes, B. Pascal, C. Huyghens, G. W. von Leibniz and I. Newton bring about a "revolution" in science or thought?

7) How did the "scientific renaissance", the mathematical, technological, and mechanical achievements of the sixteenth century prepare the way for the "scientific revolution"? Considering the work of F. Bacon, W. Gilbert, Leonard Digges, and Georg Agricola, wasn't it more a Scientific Evolution than a Scientific Revolution?

8) What was the Aristotelianism of the universities during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance? How did it relate to doing science as we have known it from the days of Newton?

9) What was the significance of John Dee, Robert Recorde, and Edward Wright? How did the work of Jesuits like Cristoph Clavius and Giuseppe Biancani prepare the way for the attack on Aristotelianism by Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler.

10) What is the significance of the move of the astronomers and mathematicians from the university environment to that of the royal or aristocratic court (and later, the salon), according to P. Dear? Explain by looking at the stories of G. Galileo, T. Brahe, J. Kepler, N.. Copernicus, R. Boyle, and I. Newton.

11) Explain what is was that C. Huyghens, I. Newton, G.W. von Leibniz, R. Boyle, and R. Cotes did to provide a "Newtonian" as opposed to an "Aristotelian" view of the universe. Take account of developments in mathematics, experience (and experiments), hypothesizing, and the idea of practicality.

12)Using the graphic images provided, write an essay on the meaning of the Baroque as an art-trait style. Identify and fully describe the style-traits of each artistic document used.

13) Using the graphic images provided, show how the classical Renaissance style gave way to Mannerism and then Baroque art. Identify and fully describe the style-traits of each artistic document used.

14) What did the philosophes , especially B. Fontenelle, P. Bayle, Montesquieu and Voltaire promote?

15) What was the classical Liberalism of the eighteenth century? Be sure to identify and account for the basic preconceptions on which it was based.

16) In The Decline of the West, Oswald Splengler (d. 1936) shocked his readers with the idea that our modern civilization only declined after the Age of the Baroque: the Baroque was the fulfillment of the "Faustian soul" of Western man. Comment on the "greatness" of this age, such that Spengler could see nothing but deline thereafter.

Several of the above questions will require the use of Revolutionizing the Sciences by Peter Dear and Heavenly City by Carl Becker.