Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe! By exploring this element as an energy source, humankind could unlock nearly limitless energy resources. Hydrogen is produce mainly from methane and natural gas. It is highly combustible and when it combusts it burns at a much higher temperature than gasoline. To run a conventional engine on hydrogen, H.I.C.E needs to take into consideration all of the properties of hydrogen and compare them to the properties of gasoline. Below are three tables. Table 1 is standard chemical properties and helps H.I.C.E. see how hot the hydrogen will get, among other things, when ignition occurs. In Table 2, the energy for different fuel sources is compared for high heating value (HHV) and low heating value (LHV). The values in Table 3 are the densities of common fuels in different units.
Table 1. Chemical Properties of Hydrogen |
||
Property |
Value |
Units |
Auto Ignition Temperature |
520(968) |
°C(°F) |
Boiling Point |
-252.7(-423) |
°C(°F) |
Density |
0.08342 |
|
Diffusivity |
1.697 |
|
Flame Temperature |
2318(4202.4) |
°C(°F) |
Flammable Range |
4-74 |
% by vol in air |
Freezing/Melting Point |
-259.2(-434.5) |
°C(°F) |
Heat of Combustion by Mass |
28670 |
|
Ignition Energy |
.02 |
millijoules |
Molecular Weight |
2.016 |
|
Specific Gravity |
.0696 |
(air=1) |
Specific Volume |
11.9(191.98) |
|
Viscosity |
.03384 |
|
Volumetric Energy Density |
57.8 |
|
Flame Rate |
2.7 |
|
Table 2. Energy for Various Fuels |
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Hydrogen |
Gasoline |
#2 Diesel Fuel |
Propane |
Natural Gas |
Units |
HHV |
|||||
61002 |
18800-20400 |
19200-20000 |
21600 |
23600 |
|
134500 |
41500-45000 |
42300-44100 |
47600 |
52000 |
|
141.9 |
43.8-47.5 |
44.6-46.5 |
50.2 |
54.9 |
|
LHV |
|||||
51532 |
18000-19000 |
18000-19000 |
19800 |
21300 |
|
113600 |
39700-41900 |
39700-41900 |
43700 |
47000 |
|
119.9 |
41.9-44.2 |
41.9-44.2 |
46.1 |
49.6 |
|
Table 3. Density for Various Fuels |
|||||
Hydrogen |
Gasoline |
#2 Diesel Fuel |
Natural Gas |
Methanol |
Units |
0.0000898 |
.702 |
.855 |
0.00071 |
0.799 |
|
0.0898 |
702 |
855 |
0.71 |
799 |
|
120 |
42.7 |
41.9 |
50.4 |
19.9 |
|
.01006 |
31.2 |
36.5 |
0.0361 |
15.9 |
|
10783 |
31200 |
36500 |
36.1 |
18000 |
|
33.3 |
11.86 |
11.64 |
14 |
5.53 |
|
2.79 |
8666.67 |
10138.88 |
10.02 |
4420 |
|
